Sony will drop price on the PS4, not because of market pressures like low sales or anything their competitors do, but rather when Sony believes it can generate siginifcantly more profit through sales of games, PS+ subs, media content and HW peripherals, through the additional console sales than the existing profits earned solely on console HW margins alone.
This works if and only if you are able to produce more consoles than there is demand to buy. Currently that doesn't exist.
Example. You can produce 10 million consoles a year. Your cost to produce the console has gone down by 50 USD.
- You continue selling at the current price. You are now making 500 million USD extra from hardware sales alone.
- You reduce the price by 50 USD. You are making 500 million USD less each year than case 1.
Lets say you can also increase production by another 2 million consoles a year. So 12 million consoles a year with a reduced cost.
- You continue selling at the current price. Demand is still higher than ability to produce consoles. You are now making 600 million USD extra from hardware alone.
- You reduce the price by 50 USD. Demand is still higher than the ability to produce consoles. You are now making 600 million USD less than case 1.
- You continue selling at the current price. Demand is now lower than the ability to produce consoles. You are making at least 500 million USD extra, and you must discount some amount of the extra 2 million consoles to get them to sell. You end up making 500+ million USD extra that year.
- You reduce the price by 50 USD. Demand is now lower than the ability to produce consoles. Is that 2 million extra consoles a year generating more than 500 million USD? If not you are still worse off than case [3].
Things don't happen in a vacum.
As long as demand matches or exceeds Sony's ability or willingness to produce consoles, then the decision is easy. Maintain price and make extra much needed profits. Reducing the price does nothing as you do not have the capability of selling more consoles.
You'll note that I put in a key word there. Willingness. It's not just about the ability to contract for more production. Gauging continuing market demand is hard. Especially so if you saturate the market. You'll gain more in the short term by increasing production, but potentially lose in the long term if by doing so you are forced to reduce price too soon. For example. Let's say at the current price point demand for your console worldwide is 15 million. Each year there's new buyers interested in your console at that price point either because they just graduated from college and now have a job, got a raise at work, or just can't wait for a price drop any longer. And let's say that number is 8 million. At a production level of 10 million consoles a year.
- 1st year you sell 10 million. 5 million excess demand.
- 2nd year you sell 10 million. 3 million excess demand.
- 3rd year you sell 10 million. 1 million excess demand.
- 4th year you sell 9 million. You have a special Holiday or Black Friday sale to sell that excess 1 million. Time for some sales and a reduced price for next year.
- 5th year you sell 8 million. After that 8 million you reduce price (likely around the holiday season) to sell the rest of your yearly production.
So you got almost 5 years of sales at that high price point. 47 million units sold at X high price. After 5 years, 47 million units sold at X price, 3 million units sold at Y lower price. 50 million install base after 5 years.
Let's say you decide to increase production after that first year to 13 million units since demand remains high.
- 1st year you sell 10 million. 5 million excess demand.
- 2nd year you sell 13 million. No excess demand.
- 3rd year you sell 8 million. You have 5 million in excess stock that can't be sold at that price. You have to have sales and likely price reduce that year.
You ended up with a little more than 3 years of sales at the high price point. Which resulted in a fantastic 2nd year. But you only sold 21 million units at that high price point. After 5 years (lets assume the lower price point continues to have demand greater than production which might not be the case) you've sold 31 million units at X high price and another 31 million units at Y price. Install base is 62 million after 5 years.
So is the 2nd case better or worse than the 1st case? In the first case you enjoyed a large profit margin on hardware for much longer. In the 2nd case you'll end up with more software licensing revenue but with lower profit margins or even potentially taking a loss on some number of that 31 million units at Y price depending on when/if you could price reduce the console. But those cost reductions also means even higher profit margins in the first case.
And that doesn't even factor in the potential, that after the 2nd year in case 2, that you decide to up production capacity again meaning an even bigger potential that you'll need a 3rd price cut before the 5 years is over. But potentially larger install base.
And it doesn't factor in what happens if you greatly increase production, but then demand falls through the floor. Example - Wii.
Decisions like these are not easy ones to make for a CEO or CFO. Case [1] is the conservative and safe play. You cannot lose actual money assuming the demand is there. Case [2] has the potential for more money but also has the potential to lose you money. And there's a good chance that when you do make money it may not be more money than case [1]. And you have to make those decisions without knowing what the
actual yearly demand will be. It won't be like our contrived case above where we know what yearly demand is going to be like for initial price point. In the real world, it may be more or it may be less. It will also likely fluctuate wildly on a year by year basis, further complicating things.
What we do know. Sony isn't in the greatest financial shape. They are going to lose a lot of money for the current fiscal year (which ends this month). They will be under pressure to make a profit for the next fiscal year, although they've mitigated that somewhat by continuing to be in "restructuring mode" mode for the next 2 fiscal years. However, they NEED to have their existing profitable divisions continuing to do well and/or improving in order to keep share holders happy.
Knowing that. Do they play it risky? Or do they play it safe? I'd say they continue to play it safe until the company is on better financial footing. It doesn't mean they will. But it's what I would do. It virtually guarantees (as much as can be guaranteed in a fluctuating business environment) that they'll do better YoY not only for the next year but for some years after. The chances of that happening with a riskier strategy goes down for multiple years, but with the risk comes potential for greater reward. I just don't think that Sony are quite in a position yet where they can take the risk.
Sony are likely going to wait until demand is lower than their ability to supply consoles. And they are crossing their fingers that it doesn't happen before they can cost reduce the console.
Regards,
SB