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Sabastian said:I am doing a bit of hunting for a particular news article that I read a year or so ago. It was about a woman working in quantum mechanics that has created a theory that debunks relativism entirely.
Sabastian said:EDIT: Something that has been irksome to me over the past couple of days was your reference to the idea that morals are intuitive. Just a nitpick here but more later, I always thought that intuition was too... femalien.![]()
horvendile, I don't need that particular article to make claims against relativism. Relativism defies logic, reason and indeed relegates science to an irrelevant study.
notAFanB said:horvendile, I don't need that particular article to make claims against relativism. Relativism defies logic, reason and indeed relegates science to an irrelevant study.
I'm sure you mean moral relevatism here is which case, care to restate why it defies the logic etc..
(I know you elaborated in the previouse post but I had trouble following them).
a brief overview would be appreciated thanks.
MfA said:If we need a creator then so does our creator.
Sabastian said:MfA said:If we need a creator then so does our creator.
We don't know that do we? We don't know a lot of things particularly the closer we get to the initial explosion of the big bang. One could argue that this thing that everything comes from is God.
some solutions require that time as concept is thrown out of the window altogether.
For the benefit of those who are neither physicists nor chemists, let me quickly point out that the effects of the uncertainty principle are so small for macroscopic objects (such as a human body) as to be invisible. Another example from my days of teaching physical chemistry at Berkeley will suffice. Suppose we take a Honda Civic automobile (weight about one ton) and specify its velocity to within one-billionth of a mile per hour (i.e., 0.000000001 mph), obviously much greater precision than currently measurable. Given this uncertainty in the velocity, what is the uncertainty in the position of the vehicle? The Heisenberg principle tells us that the position of the Honda Civic is uncertain by about one-billionth of one-billionth of one-billionth of a meter (i.e., 0.000000000000000000000000001 meter). This was my way of proving to the students that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle would never provide an excuse for their getting lost on the freeway on the way to class after a long weekend at home.
1. Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and Louis de Broglie considered the uncertainty in quantum mechanics to be merely a statement of human ignorance. Their followers on this particular point continue to insist that events in the quantum world, like those in the world of classical physics, are fully causal and deterministic. Einstein spent a good part of the last thirty years of his life (without success) in search of such a precise theory. Einstein expressed his resistance to the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics with his famous statement "God does not play dice with the universe."
2. Niels Bohr was of the opinion that uncertainty is not a result of temporary ignorance, solvable by further research. Uncertainty is a fundamental and unavoidable limitation on human knowledge. Bohr thought that we must remain agnostic about the ontology of the atomic world and talk only about the results obtained under certain experimental conditions. Note, however, that when I gave this lecture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Science and Technology (ETH Zuerich) in July 2000, Professor Hans Primas did not like Pearcey and Thaxton's description of Bohr's view. Primas has been studying the historical views of Bohr and Heisenberg for the past 30 years and insisted that Bohr had a different view of the uncertainty principle every year of his life after 1930 (Bohr died in 1962). So perhaps we should take the present description as the time-averaged Bohr interpretation of the uncertainty principle.
3. Werner Heisenberg ascribed uncertainty to nature. According to Heisenberg, nature is not deterministic, as classical physics assumed; it is indeterminate. When a scientist intrudes his/her measuring device into an atomic system, he/she forces a particular outcome to be actualized from what was before a fuzzy realm of potentialities.
4. I will refer to this fourth view as the subjective interpretation. Its proponents claim that when we choose which property will be measured via an experiment, this is essentially equivalent to saying that we "create" a particular property. This is the view of many of the postmodernists who have attempted to relate their ideas to quantum mechanics. The subjective view also resonates with Hinduism and with the popular Eastern/New Age books "The Tao of Physics" and "The Dancing Wu-Li Masters."
Jerram Barrs (Autumn 1996 newsletter, Francis Schaeffer Instititute, St. Louis) has done a fine job in summarizing four key ingredients of postmodernism:
1. Postmodernism says that nothing can be known by reason. Reason is inadequate. There is no objective truth. This concept, of course, dovetails with a popular opinion, held long before the introduction of the term "postmodernism," namely "You have your truth and I have my truth, and that is all that matters."
2. One logical consequence of postmodernism is the rejection of authority. Postmodernism believes that there is no book, no idea, and no social structure that could command or deserve respect. If there is no authority which engenders respect, then all styles are equally valid. No art is better than any other art; there is no high culture. Andy Warhol's depictions of tomato soup cans (my friend Professor Carl Moser in Paris has a superb collection) are just as great as Rembrandt's "Night Watch." This follows from the conviction that there is no measure against which we can evaluate such things.
3. For the postmodernist there can be no transcendent or bindng commandments. No one has the right to tell another person what to do. The individual becomes the moral authority. Again, this resonates with the popular idea that long preceded postmoderninsm, namely "Who are you to give me instructions for my life?"
4. A fourth consequence of postmodernism may be practical idolatry. Though persons no longer have truth to provide meaning, they sometimes hunger for what might be called "idols of the mind." Certain individuals may thus be inclined to believe almost anything, no matter how irrational it might appear. In fact, some may not even ask the question "Is it reasonable?" If people have no objective values to direct their lives, they often demand idols for their wills. People usually live for something, whether it is achieving respect, making money, or being successful; and it may completely control their lives.
In "The Creator and the Cosmos" Hugh Ross has done an excellent job of summarizing the evidence against an observer created reality. With modest additions, deletions, and nuancing by the present author:
1. There is no movement from imprecision to precision in quantum phenomena. All that happens is that the observer can choose where to put the imprecision. If the observer chooses to measure the position of the quantum particle sufficiently precisely, he or she loses the potential for some degree of precision in measuring the particle's velocity. Conversely, if the experimenter decides to measure the velocity of the quantum particle sufficiently accurately, the potential for unlimited precision on the position of the particle will be irretrievably lost.
2. Experiments are obviously designed and directed by human beings. But this does not mean that the observer gives reality to the quantum event. One can always imagine a set of natural circumstances (involving no human being) that could give rise to the same quantum event. The observer can choose some aspect of reality he/she wants to discern in a particular experiment. Though in quantum entities, indefinite properties (see discussion below following point 5.) become definite to the observer through measurements, the observer cannot determine how and when the indefinite property becomes definite.
3. Rather than affirming the postmodernist view that human beings are more powerful than we might have imagined, quantum mechanics tells us that we are weaker. In classical physics (Newton and Maxwell, pre-1900) no apparent limit exists on our ability to make accurate measurements. In quantum mechanics, a fundamental and easily determinable limit exists. In classical physics, we can see all aspects of causality. But in quantum mechanics some aspect of causality always remains hidden from human investigation.
4. The time duration between a quantum event and its observed result is always very brief, briefer by many orders of magnitude than the time period separating the beginning of the universe from the recent appearance of human beings. Speculations to the contrary, for both the universe and people, time is not reversible. Thus, no amount of human activity can ever affect events that occurred billions of years ago. The idea that one can create his or her own universe receives no support from quantum mechanics.
5. An experiment designed with insufficient foresight or performed with insufficient care may be unintentionally disrupted. And there are observations that cannot be understood without taking the uncertainty principle into consideration. Nevertheless, experiments consistently reveal that nature is described correctly by the condition that the human consciousness is irrelevant. A properly described experiment carried out in Berkeley, California can be reproduced by a different group of scientists in Cambridge, England one year later. Furthermore, there is nothing particularly special about human observers. Inanimate objects, such as microwave, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometers, are far more capable than humans of detecting quantum mechanical events.
We must conclude that the purported symbiotic relationship between quantum mechanics and postmodernism is a nonrelationship. For the reasons outlined here, very few scientists are sympathetic to the subjective (or postmodern) interpretation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Scientists believe that there is knowledge, not merely a collection of stories; there is a reality not contrived by human beings; and there is truth. These are not merely human constructions. These realist convictions were an important motivation for the pioneers of modern science, begining perhaps around 1500 with Copernicus. And it is not an accident that virtually all of these pioneers were persons of Christian belief. By their own testimony these individuals were driven in their scientific investigations by the conviction that, through Jesus Christ, God the Father had created a perfectly ordered universe. The resulting intelligibility of the universe is absolutely critical to the scientific endeavor.
Godel showed that even with math you need an infinity of axioms to make it unambiguous
"My original motivation had to do with epistemic relativism," explains Sokal, "and what I saw as a rise in sloppily thought-out relativism, being the kind of unexamined zeitgeist of large areas of the American humanities and some parts of the social sciences. In particular I had political motivations because I was worried about the extent to which that relativism was identified with certain parts of the academic left and I also consider myself on the left and consider that to be a suicidal attitude for the American left."
"It was a parody, intended to be extreme. It comes out in the first two paragraphs, and says, without any evidence or argument – of course it says it in high-faluting language, but translated into English it basically says – "Most western intellectuals used to believe that there exists a real world, but now we know better."
"In some cases it’s not clear what their philosophy is and we don’t make any attempt to judge their philosophy. On the other hand the authors of relativism, we don’t accuse them of imposture, we accuse them of ambiguous writing or sloppy thinking, but certainly not of trying to misrepresent things. So they’re completely separate and the link between them is primarily sociological. There’s only a very weak logical link between them."
"The best thing about this whole affair for me, which has now taken about three years of my life, has been that I’ve been able to meet and sometimes become good friends with really interesting people in history, philosophy and sociology that I wouldn’t have otherwise met. From then I’ve found out both that things were worse than I thought, in the sense that some of the sloppy thinking was spread more widely than I thought and also that things were better than I thought in there were a lot of people within the humanities and social sciences who had been arguing against sloppy thinking for years and often were not being heard. After the parody and again after the book I got an incredible amount of email from people in the humanities and social sciences and people on the political left as well, who were saying, ‘Thank you. We’ve been trying to say this for years without getting through, and maybe it was necessary for an outsider to come in and shake up our field and say that our local emperor is running naked.’"
Scientists themselves sometimes get philosophically confused (although sociologists will not say it, I believe that a lot of confusion can be found in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics) and they can grossly exaggerate the relevance, scope or level of confirmation of their theories. Scientists can also be selfish, arrogant and prejudiced. In case these descriptions do not apply to you, just think about your colleagues! Scientific research is a human activity, too human maybe. All this justifies subjecting it to careful and reasoned analysis from a historical, sociological and philosophical viewpoint. But it does not warrant sloppy thinking or radical relativism.
By no means do Sokal and I wish to fight what some commentators have called a "science war", which pits scientists against anti-scientific humanists of all sorts. But we wish to defend canons of rationality that are - or should be - common to all. And we do not want to let it be forgotten that the discovery of objective, culture-independent truths about the world has had powerful consequences as one of the sources of the enlightenment, and is one of the best remedies against the permanent short-sightedness of our cultural prejudices.
Modern physics has brought a new description of Nature. It is based on what is called: The Copenhagen Interpretation. We will see that this interpretation is just the opposite of the accurate rational description that one expects from science.
What exactly is the Copenhagen interpretation? It is an interpretation given to the formalism of modern physics in order to give a physical meaning of the terms used in the equations. Furthermore, the Copenhagen interpretation gives an interpretation to the mathematical result with respect to our physical understanding of nature. The Copenhagen interpretation has been written by a few renowned scientists at the beginning of the century. The main description comes from papers written by Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, M. Pauli and others.
Surprisingly, there is no precise agreement on what the Copenhagen interpretation really is. No document bearing that name exists and there is no agreement among scientists as to what precise documents are involved. Cramer [1.2] states:
"Despite an extensive literature that refers to, discusses, and criticizes the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, nowhere does there seem to be any concise statement that defines the full Copenhagen interpretation."
The set of articles considered as forming the best description of the Copenhagen interpretation differs, depending on the author studying the subject. Many different versions of the Copenhagen interpretation can be identified. Consequently, its definition leaves plenty of room for readers' own opinions. In this book, we use what appears to be the most frequently accepted version.
To use the most faithful description of the Copenhagen interpretation, we will give, as much as possible, exact citations from renowned scientists who first developed the interpretation. Exact citations are necessary because too many physicists are not aware of all the absurdities accepted in science. They just don't believe that these absurdities exist. The Copenhagen interpretation (whatever it means) has reached an ultimate importance in physics after more that sixty years. It is elusively known under several general names as: the interpretation of quantum mechanics, or the quantum interpretation of modern physics etc.
The Copenhagen interpretation leads to the most astonishing set of contradictions that ever existed in science. Those contradictions are usually presented under the name of paradoxes because that expression seems less absurd. In simple terms, the Copenhagen interpretation leads to observations that clearly imply three unsurmountable difficulties,
a) negation of causality
b) negation of realism and
c) involvement of infinite and imaginary velocities or masses.
We will first discuss causality because this fundamental concept can be more easily conceived. Causality is also an extremely basic condition in science. Points b) and c) will be discussed in chapter 4.
Abstract: Motivated by the observation that the Probability theory violates the continuity condition at probabilities very close to 0 and 1 and therefore may be incomplete, a new Axiom (the Continuity Axiom) is introduced and compared against the Probability Axiom. It is shown that the Probability theory is indeed an incomplete description of physical phenomena, and its argument that events of very low probabilities cannot happen is a fallacy. It is shown that the Continuity Axiom leads to a more complete and faithful description of physical phenomena. It is suggested that the Probability Axiom is replaced by the Continuity Axiom.
Will you choose to stay with the Probability Axiom, which seems to be in conceptual conflict with reality, and has no ability to make quantitative predictions regarding convergence of trials with finite sample sizes? Or will you give serious thought to the Continuity Axiom, which is consistent with reality, and has a quantitative convergence theorem to help experimenters to predict future outcomes of tests with finite sample sizes? I believe you will agree with me that while the Continuity Axiom still needs to stand the test of time, the Probability Axiom is dead.
Sabastian said:For instance your conclusion MFA that
Godel showed that even with math you need an infinity of axioms to make it unambiguous
Godel is using the Probability Axiom to suggest that infinity is required even though if I flip a coin I know dammed well that the result will be one of two things.
MfA said:Im going to ignore the whole trip where you are trying to attack moral relativism by attacking other forms of relativism ... you are preaching to a one man choir.
MfA said:A small thought experiment ... what fundamental difference is there between esthetics and morals which makes your "reasoning" apply only to the second?