Interesting. Haswell turns out even more limited in hardware than I imagined. Intel just upgraded Broadwell and Skylake to OpenGL 4.4., but Haswell is staying on 4.3.
Now I'm not saying this is a bad thing, as there certainly were far more important features to include/improve when Haswell was being developed. I had just expected that as Fermi got OpenGL 4.5, that the OpenGL 4.4 extensions do not require any actual hardware support.
The missing extension seems to be GL_ARB_bindless_texture – any connection to DX12 resource binding?