None of these plotters were recruited in the Middle East and
planted within Europe years in advance by bin Laden, notes KaratÂ
nycky. To the contrary, virtually all of them were living in Europe on
their own, grew alienated from the European society around them gravitated to a local prayer group or mosque to find warmth and soliÂdarity, got radicalized there by Islamist elements, went off for training in Afghanistan, and presto, a terrorist was born. These "Europeans" were born-again Muslims; they are young men who rediscovered their faith, or had it rekindled in them, by their encounter with Europe. And like born-again Christians or Jews, they brought to their religion a special intensity and fervor and, in their case, fanaticism. "To understand the September 11 terrorists, we should have in mind the classic revolutionary: deracinated, middle-class, shaped in part by exile. In other words, the image of Lenin in Zurich; or of Pol Pot or Ho Chi Minh in Paris," wrote Karatnycky. "Like the leaders of America's Weather Underground, Germany's Baader-Meinhof Gang, Italy's Red Brigades, and Japan's Red Army Faction, the Islamic terrorÂists were university-educated converts to an all-encompassing neo totalitarian ideology. . . For them Islamism is the new universal revolutionary creed, and bin Laden is Sheikh Guevara