Back when the Saturn had reached its apex in the US market, I had just obtained a used one and several games and had done some research on USENET for which games I should investigate. Among the games that seemed to be highly acclaimed were three by the company Lobotomy Software. Those titles were all first-person shooters: Quake, Powerslave, and Duke Nukem 3D. The last of these even had the functionality to play over the Sega Netlink modem network device. I bought all three and enjoyed them immensely. As it turns out, I was able to track down Ezra Dreisbach, the lead programmer on Powerslave and actually got to ask questions. Ezra now works at Snowblind Studios where he worked on Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance (now out for the PS2 and coming soon for the Xbox). Here's the result of that communication.
Matt: You were the lead programmer on Powerslave for the Saturn by Lobotomy, but also on the team for the Saturn ports of Duke Nukem 3D and Quake. Did those all use the same engine?
Ezra: Yeah, they were all based on the Powerslave Saturn engine. It was on the strength of that engine that we were able to get the contract for Duke Nukem and Quake from Sega.
Matt: What were your contributions to that engine? What were your roles on the other games that used it?
Ezra: I was the only programmer on Saturn Powerslave, but after we got the Sega contracts our whole company started working exclusively on those two projects and I moved into more just doing the core game engine work to support them.
Matt: Powerslave and Duke Nukem 3D on the PC both used Ken Silverman's BUILD engine. Was the engine you designed for the Saturn a port the BUILD engine?
Ezra: Both games were pretty much rebuilt from the ground up. There is no shared code at all.
Those games work very differently from the way that things need to work on the Saturn, so there is really no way to do a port other than to basically remake the game. Doing ports isn't the most financially or personally rewarding work. So there is no way that we would have wanted to do these if we hadn't already known how to make Saturn first person shooters.
Matt: What, besides data like textures and models, was carried over from the PC versions? How about porting Quake?
Ezra: For Quake, all the levels were rebuilt by hand using our in house tool "Brew". For Duke, we had a way to import the level data into Brew, but it still required substantial reworking.
Matt: What kind of system did Brew run on? I presume a PC, but then I'm not aware that I've ever heard a Saturn dev kit described before.
Ezra: It ran in Windows. The original idea was that it would be a tool that Lobotomy could use to create first person shooter levels for many games. We used it for Powerslave (Saturn & PSX), Mortificator (PC, unreleased) and the Quake and Duke ports.
Matt: You were a member of the "Design Team" for the PSX version of Powerslave. Does that mean you were a programmer, or did you fill some other role?
Ezra: No, it doesn't mean programmer. On a project with so few people, everyone who works on it does some of the design. For instance, I designed some of the boss behavior.
Matt: How did you feel about the two platforms, Saturn and PSX?
Ezra: I did do some work on the PSX later. After Saturn Quake was done I did a quick port of it to the PSX. Lobotomy was really hurting for cash at that point, and I hoped that we could get some publisher to sign us up to do PSX Quake. But for some reason, we couldn't get anyone to go for it. Lobotomy folded soon after.
Matt: A PSX port of Quake? That's terribly interesting! I've wanted a version of Quake on the PSX so I could compare versions on all three of the consoles from that "generation". If you've the inclination, I'd truly like to hear how the port turned out on the PSX hardware, compared to the Saturn and (if you've seen it) the N64 version.
Ezra: The most striking thing about the PSX port was how much faster the graphics hardware was than the Saturn. The initial scene after you just start the game is pretty complex. I think it ran 20 fps on the Saturn version. On the PSX it ran 30,but the actual rendering part could have been going 60 if the CPU calculations weren't holding it up. I don't know if it would have ever been possible to get it to really run 60, but at least there was the potential.
Other than that, it would have looked identical to the Saturn version. Except for some reason the PSX video output has better color than the Saturn's.
So I know something about the PSX. And really, if you couldn't tell from the games, the PSX is way better than the Saturn. It's way simpler and way faster. There are a lot of things about the Saturn that are totally dumb. Chief among these is that you can't draw triangles, only quadrilaterals.
Matt: I think I've seen an example of this in Tomb Raider on the Saturn. Very early on, in the caves, you can find a rock with a triangular side. In the PSX version, a rectangular texture was cut down the diagonal and mapped onto that triangle. In the Saturn version they had mapped the entire rectangular texture into the triangle, reducing one side to a point (in the sense that a triangle is a degenerate quadrilateral with one side of length zero).
Ezra: Ha! That's pretty weak. What you do if you're really trying is you pre-undistort the texture so that when you pinch one side down like that you end up getting what you wanted. We had to do this for the monster models in Saturn Quake.
Matt: Do you recall some of the internal differences between the Saturn and PSX versions of Powerslave?
Ezra: If you find all the team dolls in the Saturn version, then you get to play Death Tank. I'm not sure what you get in the PSX version. Jeff [Blazier] (the programmer of the PSX version) was working on a DT-like multiplayer minigame based on asteroids, but I don't think he put it in the final game.
There are laser wall shooters in the Saturn version, but not in the PSX. It was a long time ago. There are plently of differences, but I don't remember any more major ones.
You can play a more advanced version of Death Tank if you've got Saturn Quake and Saturn Duke. Just boot up Quake so that it makes its save game, then start up Duke and a Death Tank option appears in the main menu.
Matt: Who designed the four exclusive levels for Saturn Quake? And while we're talking Quake leves, what happened to one of the most memorable secret levels in the original Quake, Ziggurat Vertigo? Was it just too much wide open space for the engine to handle? Or were there other reasons for leaving it out?
Ezra: Yeah, exactly. That level was way too open to run well on the Saturn. One of the main problems with both the Quake and the Duke ports was that, on the Saturn, you can't just draw a huge flat wall as one huge flat polygon. For one thing there's no perspective correction, and some other limitations prevent you from even trying to work around that problem by dynamically subdividing the walls. So a flat wall has to be drawn as a mesh of quads. This means that huge walls have to be a lot of polygons, so huge open areas just can't work. One of the Duke Nukem secret levels had to be replaced for the same reason.
The exclusive secret levels were designed by the whole quake team. They were actually built by the Quake Saturn level designer, Paul Knutzen, who I'm happy to again be working with on Snowblind's new project.
Matt: One of my blogs gives a quick amateur comparison of the Saturn and N64 versions of Quake. Any comments?
Ezra: I like this part:
"The next part is even more disappointing for the N64 port. Many of you may recall the three switches that light up as you descend a spiral ramp down to a pool of sludge. In the N64 version, the lighting is almost completely static in this section. Apparently adding colored lighting to sections of the game is easy, but the addition of dramatic dynamic lighting is too hard to do. But wait...Lobotomy managed to pull it off on the Saturn. Crazy."
I remember being really grumpy about implementing the dynamic-world lights like the three switches in this area. I'm glad someone appreciated it.
Matt: Do you generally like first person shooters? Or was the work on Saturn shooters a business decision, given the popularity of the genre?
Ezra: Yeah, I like first person shooters, Halo was my favorite game last year. But at that point, what I wanted to do didn't really have anything to do with what Lobotomy decided to do. I was hired to work on Saturn Powerslave, so the decision to do that game was made way before I got there. And even after that I didn't get much say it what we were going to work on. Not that we had much choice, people weren't exactly lining up around the block to offer us work.
Matt: What others kinds of games do you play, in your spare time?
Ezra: I've already played a ton of games, so I like games that are not ordinary. In the past year, I liked Halo, Rez, Ico and Jet Set Radio Future.
Matt: Porting a game to a platform is said to be far less rewarding than creating a new game, tailored for a specific platform. If you could return to the days of Lobotomy, with the experience you have now, would you have done anything differently?
Ezra: As an independent game developer there's always a big difference between what you want to do, and what a publisher is willing to fund you for. So usually you end up doing stuff that's lamer than you'd like. Nothing you can do about it really.
Matt: Any plans for a Death Tank Drei hidden in any of your games?
Ezra: No. I would like to make a stand-alone DT game someday though.
Matt: Thanks for taking the time to share your answers with me. And, as I've said before, thanks for the work on Powerslave, Quake, and Duke Nukem 3D...I know I enjoyed playing all three of them
src: http://curmudgeongamer.com/article.php?story=20021008212903265
Matt: You were the lead programmer on Powerslave for the Saturn by Lobotomy, but also on the team for the Saturn ports of Duke Nukem 3D and Quake. Did those all use the same engine?
Ezra: Yeah, they were all based on the Powerslave Saturn engine. It was on the strength of that engine that we were able to get the contract for Duke Nukem and Quake from Sega.
Matt: What were your contributions to that engine? What were your roles on the other games that used it?
Ezra: I was the only programmer on Saturn Powerslave, but after we got the Sega contracts our whole company started working exclusively on those two projects and I moved into more just doing the core game engine work to support them.
Matt: Powerslave and Duke Nukem 3D on the PC both used Ken Silverman's BUILD engine. Was the engine you designed for the Saturn a port the BUILD engine?
Ezra: Both games were pretty much rebuilt from the ground up. There is no shared code at all.
Those games work very differently from the way that things need to work on the Saturn, so there is really no way to do a port other than to basically remake the game. Doing ports isn't the most financially or personally rewarding work. So there is no way that we would have wanted to do these if we hadn't already known how to make Saturn first person shooters.
Matt: What, besides data like textures and models, was carried over from the PC versions? How about porting Quake?
Ezra: For Quake, all the levels were rebuilt by hand using our in house tool "Brew". For Duke, we had a way to import the level data into Brew, but it still required substantial reworking.
Matt: What kind of system did Brew run on? I presume a PC, but then I'm not aware that I've ever heard a Saturn dev kit described before.
Ezra: It ran in Windows. The original idea was that it would be a tool that Lobotomy could use to create first person shooter levels for many games. We used it for Powerslave (Saturn & PSX), Mortificator (PC, unreleased) and the Quake and Duke ports.
Matt: You were a member of the "Design Team" for the PSX version of Powerslave. Does that mean you were a programmer, or did you fill some other role?
Ezra: No, it doesn't mean programmer. On a project with so few people, everyone who works on it does some of the design. For instance, I designed some of the boss behavior.
Matt: How did you feel about the two platforms, Saturn and PSX?
Ezra: I did do some work on the PSX later. After Saturn Quake was done I did a quick port of it to the PSX. Lobotomy was really hurting for cash at that point, and I hoped that we could get some publisher to sign us up to do PSX Quake. But for some reason, we couldn't get anyone to go for it. Lobotomy folded soon after.
Matt: A PSX port of Quake? That's terribly interesting! I've wanted a version of Quake on the PSX so I could compare versions on all three of the consoles from that "generation". If you've the inclination, I'd truly like to hear how the port turned out on the PSX hardware, compared to the Saturn and (if you've seen it) the N64 version.
Ezra: The most striking thing about the PSX port was how much faster the graphics hardware was than the Saturn. The initial scene after you just start the game is pretty complex. I think it ran 20 fps on the Saturn version. On the PSX it ran 30,but the actual rendering part could have been going 60 if the CPU calculations weren't holding it up. I don't know if it would have ever been possible to get it to really run 60, but at least there was the potential.
Other than that, it would have looked identical to the Saturn version. Except for some reason the PSX video output has better color than the Saturn's.
So I know something about the PSX. And really, if you couldn't tell from the games, the PSX is way better than the Saturn. It's way simpler and way faster. There are a lot of things about the Saturn that are totally dumb. Chief among these is that you can't draw triangles, only quadrilaterals.
Matt: I think I've seen an example of this in Tomb Raider on the Saturn. Very early on, in the caves, you can find a rock with a triangular side. In the PSX version, a rectangular texture was cut down the diagonal and mapped onto that triangle. In the Saturn version they had mapped the entire rectangular texture into the triangle, reducing one side to a point (in the sense that a triangle is a degenerate quadrilateral with one side of length zero).
Ezra: Ha! That's pretty weak. What you do if you're really trying is you pre-undistort the texture so that when you pinch one side down like that you end up getting what you wanted. We had to do this for the monster models in Saturn Quake.
Matt: Do you recall some of the internal differences between the Saturn and PSX versions of Powerslave?
Ezra: If you find all the team dolls in the Saturn version, then you get to play Death Tank. I'm not sure what you get in the PSX version. Jeff [Blazier] (the programmer of the PSX version) was working on a DT-like multiplayer minigame based on asteroids, but I don't think he put it in the final game.
There are laser wall shooters in the Saturn version, but not in the PSX. It was a long time ago. There are plently of differences, but I don't remember any more major ones.
You can play a more advanced version of Death Tank if you've got Saturn Quake and Saturn Duke. Just boot up Quake so that it makes its save game, then start up Duke and a Death Tank option appears in the main menu.
Matt: Who designed the four exclusive levels for Saturn Quake? And while we're talking Quake leves, what happened to one of the most memorable secret levels in the original Quake, Ziggurat Vertigo? Was it just too much wide open space for the engine to handle? Or were there other reasons for leaving it out?
Ezra: Yeah, exactly. That level was way too open to run well on the Saturn. One of the main problems with both the Quake and the Duke ports was that, on the Saturn, you can't just draw a huge flat wall as one huge flat polygon. For one thing there's no perspective correction, and some other limitations prevent you from even trying to work around that problem by dynamically subdividing the walls. So a flat wall has to be drawn as a mesh of quads. This means that huge walls have to be a lot of polygons, so huge open areas just can't work. One of the Duke Nukem secret levels had to be replaced for the same reason.
The exclusive secret levels were designed by the whole quake team. They were actually built by the Quake Saturn level designer, Paul Knutzen, who I'm happy to again be working with on Snowblind's new project.
Matt: One of my blogs gives a quick amateur comparison of the Saturn and N64 versions of Quake. Any comments?
Ezra: I like this part:
"The next part is even more disappointing for the N64 port. Many of you may recall the three switches that light up as you descend a spiral ramp down to a pool of sludge. In the N64 version, the lighting is almost completely static in this section. Apparently adding colored lighting to sections of the game is easy, but the addition of dramatic dynamic lighting is too hard to do. But wait...Lobotomy managed to pull it off on the Saturn. Crazy."
I remember being really grumpy about implementing the dynamic-world lights like the three switches in this area. I'm glad someone appreciated it.
Matt: Do you generally like first person shooters? Or was the work on Saturn shooters a business decision, given the popularity of the genre?
Ezra: Yeah, I like first person shooters, Halo was my favorite game last year. But at that point, what I wanted to do didn't really have anything to do with what Lobotomy decided to do. I was hired to work on Saturn Powerslave, so the decision to do that game was made way before I got there. And even after that I didn't get much say it what we were going to work on. Not that we had much choice, people weren't exactly lining up around the block to offer us work.
Matt: What others kinds of games do you play, in your spare time?
Ezra: I've already played a ton of games, so I like games that are not ordinary. In the past year, I liked Halo, Rez, Ico and Jet Set Radio Future.
Matt: Porting a game to a platform is said to be far less rewarding than creating a new game, tailored for a specific platform. If you could return to the days of Lobotomy, with the experience you have now, would you have done anything differently?
Ezra: As an independent game developer there's always a big difference between what you want to do, and what a publisher is willing to fund you for. So usually you end up doing stuff that's lamer than you'd like. Nothing you can do about it really.
Matt: Any plans for a Death Tank Drei hidden in any of your games?
Ezra: No. I would like to make a stand-alone DT game someday though.
Matt: Thanks for taking the time to share your answers with me. And, as I've said before, thanks for the work on Powerslave, Quake, and Duke Nukem 3D...I know I enjoyed playing all three of them
src: http://curmudgeongamer.com/article.php?story=20021008212903265
