Like many I played it on Amiga. It required and came with the 512 Kb trapdoor expansion.
Alas, still never hear of it. But back then if a magazine you read didn't make a big deal out of a game it often got overlooked.
Nope. There's generally no such thing as a creator, although these days there can be.
Most words are variations and corruptions on older words, and new words and meanings are brought by unconventional use. I own an Edwardian dictionary and it's very interesting to see how words meanings change. 'Paraphrase' is one of the most extreme. We use it now to mean to rewrite, very often in more succinct form, to another style or reference. The definition in 1905 was, "an explanation of a text or passage in fuller and clearer terms."
I do not recognise this definition at all, nor do I personally know anybody who does. My understanding is that of your 1905 diction. My OS X dictionary (Dictionary of Oxford English) defines paraphrase as:
paraphrase |ˈparəfreɪz
verb [ with obj. ]
express the meaning of (something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity: you can either quote or paraphrase literary texts.
People learn words from their peers. If their peers use the word wrong (Chinese whispers, introduction of noise to the signal), the understanding of the word and subsequent application can be wrong. But if people use the word in a way, then it's not wrong.
It's wrong. The reason there are clear definitions of words is so that language can be correctly interpreted and understood. Do people misuse words? Sure, all the time; listening to some of the school kids on my daily commute makes me wince and also really make me wish I'd brought my headphones. People do often hear a word and not fully understand it's meaning in the context it was used then try to use incorrectly. In many places incorrect use will be pointed out by others who do know the correct meaning but in some closed social or peer groups, where others do not have contrary knowledge, it can gain traction.
Should society readily redefine words to accommodate the few who do not understand their meaning? No, that would be ridiculous. It would take overwhelming mis-use for a phrase to be accepted as as different and again, the word 'gay' is one of a few that springs to mind. If civilisation widely did as you propose then we would have hundreds of thousands of distinct dialects.
It was bad when British English defined a billion as 1,000,000,000,000 while American English as 1,000,000,000 but eventually British English fell into line because it was easier to come a billionaire using the American definition (true story
).
Words are the sounds people use to convey information. There's no law stopping people reusing a sound for a different meaning. As long as it works, people go with it, and human language balances nicely (a word which used to mean "silly") with adaptation and consistency. Much to
@London-boy 's annoyance, people's misuse of 'literally' has resulted in the definition changing, and now the OED say's it can be used for emphasis rather than it's literal meaning.
Phonetics are sounds, words are both spoken and written. And no there's "no law"
preventing two different words having the same, or very similar, phonetic pronunciation.The English language is littered with
homonyms (words which have the same spelling and pronunciation, but have different meanings),
homophones (words which have the same pronunciation, but different spellings and meanings) and
homographs (words that are spelt the same, but have different pronunciation and meanings).
These are,
literally, different things to what you propose.
It has a specific definition when used as such of a Doom like. My link showed this perfectly. It was a phrase not used before Doom and then used in increasing amount after Doom.
Is your argument here,
it's on a website so it must be true? Please tell me it isn't But I think you're using interchangeably 'First Person Shooter' as a description expressed by use of the words and the phrase as a genre. As a description 'FPS 'is only as good as the specific words and their meaning. The genre is well defined in lots of places, none of which support your preferred redefinition.
The argument is that modern games (those genres we play now regardless of when they were invented) mostly originated on consoles, right? Taking for example the games COD and Halo recognisable by their specific similar play style, the argument is whether console or PC spawned this genre. The examples of early FPSes (using your textbook definition) show the existence of FPS on consoles in the 70s. However, the sub-genre we now play which is a very different game. So let's name this subgenre so that we can reference it*. Did people ever refer to this style of game by a particular name or phrase? Yep, let's go with 'Doom-like' meaning a first-person shooter with free aiming where the aiming is a significant part of the gameplay. Where did the modern Doom-like originate? (clue's in the name
)
No, but it's not bad. Somehow the discussion took a terrifying direction into the specifics, origins and evolution (or not) of language and what appeared on what platform first. What I meant when I said "
consoles were the birth of modern video games" was that consoles popularised video games for the average consumer. My mum and dad are both intelligent people but neither will use a computer because "they are complicated" yet my dad surprised me one day by bringing home a new Atari 2600. I was 8 or 9 at the time didn't even know this thing existed.
While there were lots of computers around before and at the same time as the Atari 2600, Vertex and ColecoVision (the big three in the UK as I recall), something about game consoles captured people's imaginations. Perhaps it was simple controller and focus on fun rather than typing in commands. If you ask a thousamd random people about the first video games, a bunch will have no idea, a fair bunch are likely going o reference a late 1970s console and real few will mention the Apple II, Commodore PET or Tandy TRS-80. I doubt any will say the Altair, unless Bill Gates is one of that thousand people.
As I said my post about the motorcar and Ford and Benz, popularity is everything.