Do you mean LAN to LAN?
Cheap routers don't have a hardware switch, but rely on the microcontroller to do all the work, and they only have a single channel to the LAN ports and/or a single buffer there. Essentially, they're half-duplex (read OR write).
For the WAN connection, they do have a dedicated channel, as it's completely different than the LAN ones.
So, in that case, your LAN-LAN speed is at most half your WAN-LAN speed, and the maximum speed (throughput) is determined solely by the speed at which the microcontroller can read and write the data.
And, of course, that bandwidth has to be shared by all devices and connections.
If you're using the "b/g protection", that means that it will only use one channel (out of three, or less if you have less antenna's on the router) if it detects a single b/g source, and will drop back to g if there are multiple and/or there is no room for a single channel that isn't interfering.
The 2.4GHz phone is pretty bad, in that it likely uses a big piece out of the available bandwidth, so with that and a single, external g channel, you're likely only using g.
You can try to unplug the phone, and/or disabling the b/g protection, but the latter might make g channels impossible, depending on the implementation.
On the other hand, if they did implement a time sharing workaround (as on my router), you would get the maximum throughput possible without interfering with the g channel(s). That would work best.
If you have a cheap router with only a single antenna (802.11n 120 Mb/s), that won't work, and there is a minimal distance you need to be from the router for it to work optimally. Reflections are a problem as well.
You could measure that with smart WiFi software (Toshiba had a nice tool for that, perhaps there are OpenSource ones?) or with a signal strength detector.
EDIT: found a nice graph:
As you can see, there's only room for 3 different n channels at the same time, which will use up all the bandwidth available. The g channels are much smaller, but still overlap with both channels next to them. And the phone is very likely using a pretty wide channel as well, up to the whole bandwidth available in the worst case (if you have an old, cheap one), but that is unlikely.
EDIT2: If you add a channel marker before and after the ones in the graph, you have the 13 g channels, which are all about 2 markers wide.
EDIT3: well, the above is actually a bit of a simplification, as the bandwidth for n is wider, but it gives a good picture.