pax said:
However the (so far) success of this operation in both very low civ and military casualties on both sides actually may not have been as improved were it not for the peace movement and the essential role it plays in scrutinizing the methods and tactics of warfare...
My views seem to largely be a mirror image of pax... Here's the cliff notes version:
- Technology is the only reason low collateral damage was possible
- War goals set by the Coalition motivated them to carefully avoid collateral damage
- The anti-war movement is not the main reason for low civilian casualties
Regarding
military casualties...they've been reduced on our side but not necessarily the other side. Of course, there were procedures in place to give Iraqi soldiers the option of surrender...for those who choose "martydom tactics," their prospects of survival were grim indeed. I've heard rumours (allegedly from sources in the Pentagon) claiming more than 100,000 Iraqi military dead. But I don't know how they got those numbers and I'd call it a "guess" rather than an "estimate."
Regarding fewer civilian casualties...this is mainly the result of more accurate bombing. During ww2, strategic bombing was aimed at entire cities because that was as accurate as they could get. The b-52 raids over Hanoi during the '70s had some improvement to accuracy so collateral damage was less than during ww2. (If memory serves, the very first smart bombs were used in Vietnam, also.) And now most bombs dropped in Gulf 2 were smart bombs with typical accuracy measured in meters.
The goal of a smart bomb is to destroy the target while never missing it. Clearly this goal will never be reached 100% but when we get closer to it civilian casualties will become increasingly rare. (Unless there's another knock-down, gouge-eyes kind of war for survival similar to WW2 but hopefully that won't happen.)
How much has the peace movement contributed to the development of smart bombs? My guess is "not much."
Technology has helped but Im not so sure the govs hesitation to use weapons on a mass scale in civilian areas in overkill fashion would have been as evident this time without the pacifists...
I really don't think the pacifists had much influence on the way the campaign was conducted. The government knows that anyone who's literally a "pacifist" will disapprove of military action no matter how it is conducted. (I realize not everyone in the anti-war movement was an extreme pacifist.) Also, at least
some portions of the "anti-war" movement is more accurately called the anti-US movement while others were the anti-Bush movement; so there's no pleasing them either. And it looks like France, as long as it's led by Chirac, will *always* oppose US policy regardless of circumstances, reason, or rationality. Since these groups will never approve of anything the Coalition did, why take extraordinary effort to please them?
Why did the Coalition avoid mass, overkill weapons in civilian areas? Because Iraqi civilians were not the enemy. A utilitarian view: killing civilians wouldn't serve the strategic goals of the war. After all, it's hard to liberate dead people.
My conclusion:
relatively low civilian casualties primarily resulted from the strategic goals set by the Coalition combined with the technology available to them. The anti-war movement may have had a contributory, but certainly not primary, effect on the planning and conduct of the war.
Also, as has been pointed out by Sharkfood, they couldn't think of any peaceful, realistic alternatives to war. I'd say the peace movement failed miserably in it's aims. In the final analysis, they didn't find any way of preventing war or allowing peace and they didn't strongly affect the course of the war once the shooting began; their most noteworthy accomplishment was embarassing themselves.