My question to you. Do you wish to learn and discuss, or to discuss without learning? There is effort involved. These crypto topics begin on page 1 and not on page 29.
Saying a topic was explained, versus actually having the topic proper and logically explained, are two very different things. There is no economic controls, it's simply a thing that is commodity-traded -- like beanie babies, baseball cards and Hot Wheels cars.
Case in point regarding explanations: your "explaination" of this topic mirrors your "explaination" of economic controls, which is to say you didn't explain literally anything both times.
The topics usually begin in page one and not in page 29. Your laziness to read the topic does not equal that an explanation of the subject does not exist, and it does not automatically mean that your opinion is the valid one. It isn't.
You'll find the economics of crypto here
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/2194339/
Deep discussions on what gives crypto projects intrinsic value were on the NFT topic here:
https://forum.beyond3d.com/threads/the-general-state-of-gaming-nfts-in-2022-spawn.62698/
Your examples are not equivalent. The "digital companies" you listed are all backed by the United States Federal Reserve currency, or the currencies of their local country where they operate. There are some outliers markets who will on-the-fly convert other currencies (including the big coin players) however, at the end of the day, those outliers still end up backing into a local, government currency. Yes, there is a single country who decided to pin their country currency to Bitcoin, I'm aware. So far, it's gone quite badly for them...
The examples are 100% equivalent despite your personal opinion of what constitutes a currency or what constitutes intrinsic value is whats wrong here.
Both Ethereum and Paypal are backed by multiple currencies and the tokens are equivalent to stocks, meaning neither the tokens nor the stocks are federal currencies nor are they backed by the gov. They are speculative assets that can be traded. Both Ethereum and Paypal value falls on the digital services they provide. Same as google, microsoft, facebook. Each with its own economic model of revenue. It pertains to my point that not all crypto is bitcoin or dogecoin, in the sense that ethereum for example, offers much much much more than just transfering value.
That, is what intrinsic value means.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_value_(finance)
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False. Those tools are available to anyone, irrespective of tying a "digital currency" to them. It does not prove value, no more than the global top-level certificate authorities do not have their own currency either while still digitally encrypting 99% of everything on this planet.
You are again mistaking cryptocurrencies for currency, much like you also mistake NFT for digital jpegs markets.
Forget the currency, you do not understand it yet. Refer to the link above that explains the economy. The currency aspect of crypto is only needed to sustain the economic model of security of blockchain.
The tools were developed within the cryptocurrencies themselves to sustain and provide the backbone of what gives them security and decentralization. They were built for blockchain and are as relevamt to crypto as the invention of the wheels are for cars. Cryptography excluded.
No part of my statement said I condemned it, I simply said it was pointless eg has no intrinsic value. Baseball cards, Hot Wheels cars, and Beanie Babies all have a tiny sliver of intrinsic value (the materials used to construct them, however fleeting) and yet are still pointless. Their inflated value is purely speculative.
Again, your definition of what constitutes intrinsic value is what is sending you into a spiral of misconceptions.
The intrinsic value of baseball cards is not the paper they are printed on. You desperately need to educate yourself on these basic concepts before participating in a discussion that demands absolute understanding of them.
Your perception that you already understand this topic is whats causing problems here, aided by the fact you did not felt the need to read the topic from page 1, and absurdly find yourself on the last page reading concepts that will obviously be different than your current understanding. None of it is my fault.