I would argue that the optimal solution in most cases would be to get a variable refresh rate monitor (with a wide range) as this eliminates the synchronization to the display through backpressure, too (as long as the frame rate is lower than the max refresh of the monitor). One doesn't need to think about a different rate of generating and displaying frames and how to work around the arising issues if one simply synchronizes the display to the generation of the frames.If possible, the optimal solution is actually Vsync + frame pacing, as that gets you a minimal latency for the whole frame. Respectively if the frame pacing works correctly, turning Vsync on or off shouldn't make a difference (in theory!) as the present should be timed properly with the V-blank. It's pretty difficult to tune that correctly though, as every micro stutter in the render path will also cause the pacing to be thrown off.