Alot of the stuff in the Shuttle is still cutting edge, or simply, is the best available alternative known. Space technology isn't semiconductors. If I need a material with a melting point of 3000C, there are a limited number of such materials possible, for example. Once you find one with the properties that meet your requirements, it will be hard to improve on it.
Pax, interstellar ion propulsion is not feasible with any near-term tech. The amount of energy you need to accelerate a payload to .5C is astronomical. Such a big powerplant would be too big to carry with you. Not to mention that drag from interstellar gas will be an issue.
There are only two solutions: antimatter (way far out) and laser-sail propulsion (leave the powerplant on earth), which requires exotic sails, and super-duper lasers with lenses the size of the MOON. (see StarWisp)
Look up Project Daedulus for a real world attempt to design an interstellar probe using "near term" technology.
There is a reason why we can't go zipping about the universe like in Sci-Fi. It's called conservation of energy. To accelerate over cosmological distances takes unfathomable amounts of energy. To open wormholes, warp space, and what have you, also takes unfathomable amounts of "negative energy".
In other words, there ain't no free lunch. Unless we run into a preexisting stable space warp built by natural cosmologically sized processes, we are not going to go warping around the universe anytime soon.