Most of the additional "responsiveness" can be attributed to the kernel and it's ability to prioritize and multi-thread IO requests. For all previous WIndows OS'es, IO requests had "uber priority" and were allowed to walk all over everything. Further, they were always limited to the first logical ACPI-enumerated processor in the system. So if a process had the lowest priority possible but somehow ended up creating a ton of IO traffic, it would take over your PC's world. Or if a process had access to all 16 cores in your system and was given UBER-priority by you, all the IO requests would be handled by the 1st logical processor in the system and as such would likely bottleneck hardcore.
Hence the whole "grinding to a halt" when your machine was heavily disk-utilized (defrag, virus scan, paging to disk, etc). Lame.
Vista prioritizes IO threads now, and also spreads them evenly across all CPU's in the system. The only time that IO gets "uber" priority is if the kernel goes into a memory panic, which almost never happens unless you're on a 256mb machine with WAY too much open, and then only the memory management IO gets that priority.
Makes the OS "feel" a whole lot better, especially when you're multitasking.