Memory bandwidth is a key indicator of system cost. The left hand two columns indicate where current 3D accelerators for the PC are falling. A full up SGI RE2—a truly impressive machine—boasts a memory bandwidth of well over 10,000 MB per second. Its quite clear that SGI has nothing to fear from evolving PC 3D accelerators, which utilize traditional 3D pipelines, for some time to come.....These charts suggest that achieving high-quality imagery using the conventional graphics pipeline is an inherently expensive enterprise. Those who maintain that improvements in CPU and VLSI technology are sufficient to produce low-cost hardware or even software systems that we would consider high-performance today, have not carefully analyzed the nature of the fundamental forces at work.