awesome thanks for the info! Now the next question, how do I know what a 'safe' volume is for any given configuration of speaker/amp?
You really don't have a perfect way, which sucks
A "good" amp will have a clip indicator LED on it that will begin to flicker when square waves are being output. It's always better to have an amplifier that is
too strong for your speaker rather than vice versa -- that way even at the most extreme power output, you're still sending nice round waves versus squared-off ones. Still, you can trash even the best speaker with too much power.
A good rule of thumb on the speaker-side of things is to listen: If you turn up the volume knob and it doesn't get any louder (don't count distortion, that's not good signal) then you've hit the limit of the speaker's capabilities. You should NEVER be at the bleeding-edge of that fine line; your speaker should have plenty of ventilation for cooling and should still have some amount of "wiggle" room before it hits max excursion (the Z-axis movement that creates sound waves) The first thing to listen for as an indicator of speaker duress is the bass level -- as bass requires the most excusion to create sound. It's likely that more amplifier knob-turnage will give you more treble, but at some point the excusion limit will come when you're pounding the bass-line. When the bass distorts, you're over the edge!
A good rule of thumb for amplifiers is that whatever your preferred audio level is -- your audio equipment should be able to sustain that at ~50% output level. If you have to rotate the knob past 50% for any notable amount of time, your equipment likely isn't enough for your needs. At that level, you begin fighting efficiency (ie heat, and the ability to cope with that heat), sound quality concerns (signal-to-noise, sound floor and tonal quality all get worse as things heat up and efficiency drops), and of course the obvious clipping concerns.
The only time the amplifier general-rule doesn't apply is when you're dealing with UBER equipment, as the really pricey stuff is made to work well into the 80+% arena. It's still not suggested to run it that hard, but at least the power supplies, caps, mosfets and other items are more geared to that kind of abuse.