Direct3D feature levels discussion

DmitryKo · May 3, 2015

I wonder why Microsoft Basic Render Driver does not work for you... I modified the code to accept minimum feature level and adapter number as command-line arguments - could you please run chkfeature_Mindtaker command file to see if other feature levels work on your system?

FYI you can download standalone WIndows SDK 10.0.10069 to get the updated DxCapsView for Direct3D 11.3 (the SDK is also included with Visual Studio Community 2015 RC download).

Mindtaker · May 3, 2015

DmitryKo said:
I wonder why Microsoft Basic Render Driver does not work for you... I modified the code to accept minimum feature level and adapter number as command-line arguments - could you please run chkfeature_Mindtaker command file to see if other feature levels work on your system?

Code:

Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 9_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 10_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 11_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1 (0xb100)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_NONE (0)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_2 (2)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 1
ROVsSupported : 1
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_1 (1)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 0
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 0
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 0, CacheCoherentUMA: 0

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 11_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1 (0xb100)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_NONE (0)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_2 (2)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 1
ROVsSupported : 1
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_1 (1)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 0
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 0
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 0, CacheCoherentUMA: 0

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 12_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 12_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:09:07
2 display adapters enumerated

DmitryKo said:
FYI you can download standalone WIndows SDK 10.0.10069 to get the updated DxCapsView for Direct3D 11.3 (the SDK is also included with Visual Studio Community 2015 RC download).

Downloading!

Mindtaker · May 3, 2015

Now with the SDK installed:

Code:

Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 9_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 10_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 80070057: El parámetro no es correcto.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 11_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1 (0xb100)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_NONE (0)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_2 (2)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 1
ROVsSupported : 1
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_1 (1)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 0
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 0
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 0, CacheCoherentUMA: 0

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_0 (0xc000)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_10_BIT | 16_BIT (3)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_3 (3)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 0
ROVsSupported : 0
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 1
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 1
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 1, CacheCoherentUMA: 1

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 11_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1 (0xb100)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_NONE (0)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_2 (2)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 1
ROVsSupported : 1
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_1 (1)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 0
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 0
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 0, CacheCoherentUMA: 0

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_0 (0xc000)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_10_BIT | 16_BIT (3)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_3 (3)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 0
ROVsSupported : 0
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 1
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 1
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 1, CacheCoherentUMA: 1

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 12_0

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Maximum feature level : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_0 (0xc000)
DoublePrecisionFloatShaderOps : 1
OutputMergerLogicOp : 1
MinPrecisionSupport : D3D12_SHADER_MIN_PRECISION_SUPPORT_10_BIT | 16_BIT (3)
TiledResourcesTier : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_3 (3)
ResourceBindingTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_BINDING_TIER_3 (3)
PSSpecifiedStencilRefSupported : 0
TypedUAVLoadAdditionalFormats : 0
ROVsSupported : 0
ConservativeRasterizationTier : D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
MaxGPUVirtualAddressBitsPerResource : 38
StandardSwizzle64KBSupported : 0
CrossNodeSharingTier : D3D12_CROSS_NODE_SHARING_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED (0)
CrossAdapterRowMajorTextureSupported : 1
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation : 1
ResourceHeapTier : D3D12_RESOURCE_HEAP_TIER_2 (2)
Adapter Node 0:     TileBasedRenderer: 0, UMA: 1, CacheCoherentUMA: 1

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated


Direct3D 12 feature checker (May 2015) by DmitryKo
https://forum.beyond3d.com/posts/1840641/

Using minimum feature level 12_1

ADAPTER 0
"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980"
VEN_10DE, DEV_13C0, SUBSYS_236819DA, REV_A1
Dedicated video memory : 3221225472  bytes
Total video memory : 4294901760  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

ADAPTER 1
"Microsoft Basic Render Driver"
VEN_1414, DEV_008C, SUBSYS_00000000, REV_00
Dedicated video memory : 0  bytes
Total video memory : 4276551680  bytes
Failed to create Direct3D 12 device
Error 887A0004: Este sistema no admite la interfaz de dispositivo o el nivel de característica especificados.

FINISHED running on 2015-05-03 13:53:52
2 display adapters enumerated

DmitryKo · May 3, 2015

OK, so WARP12 is a part of Windows 10 SDK as of now... thank you..

Osamar · May 4, 2015

Have you tried with GeForce 352.63 Windows 10TP driver?
Thanks.

MDolenc · May 4, 2015

DmitryKo said:
OK, so WARP12 is a part of Windows 10 SDK as of now... thank you..

It's probably just not up to date without the SDK. Otherwise it wouldn't even enumerate.

DmitryKo · May 4, 2015

MDolenc said:
It's probably just not up to date without the SDK. Otherwise it wouldn't even enumerate.

That's what I said - the recent SDK seems to install/enable updated WARP which supports Direct3D 12 and feature level 12_0.
Otherwise WARP fails creating D3D12 device on the Basic Render adapter (and BTW the API has changed too, so you are no longer able to request hardware, Reference or WARP device with D3D12CreateDevice, unlike it's D3D11 counterpart).

Osamar said:
Have you tried with GeForce 352.63 Windows 10TP driver?

Yes, he said it only 5 posts above.

Osamar · May 5, 2015

Ooopss. Sorry, I jumped over that post.
Thanks.

DmitryKo · May 14, 2015

New Catalyst driver 15.200.1023 from 28.04.2015 is available on Windows Update, restores Direct3D 12 support on feature levels 11_0 and 11_1.

Max McMullen · May 16, 2015

DmitryKo said:
That's what I said - the recent SDK seems to install/enable updated WARP which supports Direct3D 12 and feature level 12_0.

That's correct. The 12 version of the WARP driver is an SDK component right now, meant for developer usage and not mainstream application usage. It isn't quite as optimized as the 11 driver and isn't fully feature level 12.1 yet. This will improve over time and eventually it'll be included in the main OS release. The 11 version of WARP is always in the OS and supported for application scenarios.

Max McMullen
Direct3D Development Lead
Microsoft

DmitryKo · May 27, 2015

Catalyst driver 15.200.1023.3 released on Windows Update, reports maximum feature level 12_0 on my R290X.

sebbbi · May 28, 2015

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn770364(v=vs.85).aspx
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation

Great feature with an even greater name

.

I wonder why Microsoft hasn't discussed about this in their DX12 presentations. This has been one of our top feature requests for ages.

sebbbi · May 28, 2015

sebbbi said:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn770364(v=vs.85).aspx
VPAndRTArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGSEmulation

Great feature with an even greater name .

I wonder why Microsoft hasn't discussed about this in their DX12 presentations. This has been one of our top feature requests for ages.

I forgot to explain why this is great. In DirectX 11, you had to use a geometry shader to send different triangles to different render targets. Even a pass through geometry shader (1 triangle out) is roughly 1.6x performance hit on NVIDIA and 2.7x on AMD (in primitive bound cases) according to my test cases (Intel is fast). With this DX12 feature you can directly send triangles to different render targets from the vertex shader, skipping the geometry shader entirely.

Every graphics programmer loves to skip the geometry shader (unless you are making super slow hair rendering code)

Andrew Lauritzen · May 28, 2015

sebbbi said:
Great feature with an even greater name .

My favorite part about the name is that they still felt it important to use short forms for "VP", "RT" and "GS"

AlexV · May 28, 2015

Andrew Lauritzen said:
My favorite part about the name is that they still felt it important to use short forms for "VP", "RT" and "GS"

I have no words...

sebbbi · May 28, 2015

ViewportAndRenderTargetArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGeometryShaderEmulation

Had to try it without the abbreviations

homerdog · May 28, 2015

Is VPARTAIFASFRSWGSE supported across the board or does it require FL12+?

Andrew Lauritzen · May 28, 2015

homerdog said:
Is VPARTAIFASFRSWGSE supported across the board or does it require FL12+?

That caps bit with that name indicates whether it is supported naively by the hardware or if the driver is going to put a GS in there behind your back. It's sort of a weird cap TBH since there's no clear alternative in an application beyond putting the same GS in there manually, but yeah.

lanek · May 29, 2015

sebbbi said:
ViewportAndRenderTargetArrayIndexFromAnyShaderFeedingRasterizerSupportedWithoutGeometryShaderEmulation

Had to try it without the abbreviations

will be funny if you need to enter this on each line of code for it..

This said now we can write it with underscore or space between the words and we understand finally what it was about.

Ethatron · May 29, 2015

I's a ploy to hype auto-completition in Visual Studio.

Direct3D feature levels discussion

DmitryKo

Mindtaker

Mindtaker

DmitryKo

Osamar

MDolenc

DmitryKo

Osamar

DmitryKo

Max McMullen

DmitryKo

sebbbi

sebbbi

Andrew Lauritzen

Moderator

AlexV

Heteroscedasticitate

sebbbi

homerdog

donator of the year

Andrew Lauritzen

Moderator

lanek

Ethatron