OK so this is going to be a bit super-nerdy, but the GAIA mission (
https://sci.esa.int/gaia) has been one of those that are quietly and understatedly utterly transforming the way modern astronomy is done. Put simply the purpose of GAIA is to measure the distances to stars, and their space velocities in 3-dimensions. That probably sounds like the sort of thing that you'd think astronomers already know, but in reality it's
incredibly hard to do even on a handful of objects, never mind at a Galactic scale (ie. billions of stars).
So much in modern astronomy research ends up relying heavily on the distance estimate as a key part of any conclusions drawn. From the study of exoplanets to distant quasars, and everything in between, if you don't know how far away it is it's really tough to draw any firm conclusions about what it is or how it works. GAIA is delivering that and honestly I think it will be the cornerstone of professional astronomy for the next fifty years if not longer. I work with a bunch of people who are involved in the data processing side of the mission, and honestly the stuff they are achieving is nothing short of mind-blowing.
It's the sort of science that Europe does
so well, but doesn't really get funded in the US because it's so hard/time-consuming/not-sexy. (That's why I get a bit pissy when people quote NASA press releases that read like NASA is the only game in town. It demeans transformative work being done by missions like GAIA that NASA could not / would not / cannot do for whole combinations of reasons).
Anyway the GAIA project made a pre-release of the third version of their data catalogue a day or two ago. Here are couple of videos showing what you can know and predict about the stars that are our very closest neighbours.