Certainly, there are a variety of parasites in the world that take over their hosts' behaviors, causing them to engage in self-destructive behaviors in order for the parasite in question to multiply faster.
The difficulty, though, is that usually these parasites evolve so that they are ingested through the natural predatory cycle, and merely evolve to make it so that their hosts are more likely to be eaten. I really don't see anything like that evolving in humans.
The most likely possibility, perhaps, would be an STD that increases sex drive, provided said STD also made people infertile (transmission of diseases from parents to children tends to make those diseases more inert over time, while parallel transmission tends to make them more virulent). But I doubt modern medicine would give any STD enough time to evolve such a complex behavior. Now, an engineered disease, on the other hand, wouldn't be restricted to evolution...